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The Java KeyGenerator class (javax.crypto.KeyGenerator) is used to generate symmetric encryption keys. A symmetric encryption key is a key that is used for both encryption and decryption of data, by a symmetric encryption algorithm. In this Java KeyGenerator tutorial I will show you how to generate symmetric encryption keys.

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Creating a KeyGenerator Instance

Before you can use the Java KeyGenerator class you must create a KeyGenerator instance. You create a KeyGenerator instance by calling the static method getInstance() passing as parameter the name of the encryption algorithm to create a key for. Here is an example of creating a Java KeyGenerator instance:

This example creates a KeyGenerator instance which can generate keys for the AES encryption algorithm.

Initializing the KeyGenerator

After creating the KeyGenerator instance you must initialize it. Initializing a KeyGenerator instance is done by calling its init() method. Here is an example of initializing a KeyGenerator instance:

The KeyGeneratorinit() method takes two parameters: The bit size of the keys to generate, and a SecureRandom that is used during key generation.

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Generating a Key

Once the Java KeyGenerator instance is initialized you can use it to generate keys. Generating a key is done by calling the KeyGeneratorgenerateKey() method. Here is an example of generating a symmetric key:

This class provides the functionality of a secret (symmetric) key generator.

Key generators are constructed using one of the getInstance class methods of this class.

KeyGenerator objects are reusable, i.e., after a key has been generated, the same KeyGenerator object can be re-used to generate further keys.

There are two ways to generate a key: in an algorithm-independent manner, and in an algorithm-specific manner. The only difference between the two is the initialization of the object:

• Algorithm-Independent Initialization

  All key generators share the concepts of a keysize and a source of randomness. There is an init method in this KeyGenerator class that takes these two universally shared types of arguments. There is also one that takes just a keysize argument, and uses the SecureRandom implementation of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness (or a system-provided source of randomness if none of the installed providers supply a SecureRandom implementation), and one that takes just a source of randomness.

  Since no other parameters are specified when you call the above algorithm-independent init/microsoft-office-2010-license-key-generator.html. methods, it is up to the provider what to do about the algorithm-specific parameters (if any) to be associated with each of the keys.

• Algorithm-Specific Initialization

  For situations where a set of algorithm-specific parameters already exists, there are two init methods that have an AlgorithmParameterSpec argument. One also has a SecureRandom argument, while the other uses the SecureRandom implementation of the highest-priority installed provider as the source of randomness (or a system-provided source of randomness if none of the installed providers supply a SecureRandom implementation).

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In case the client does not explicitly initialize the KeyGenerator (via a call to an init method), each provider must supply (and document) a default initialization.

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Every implementation of the Java platform is required to support the following standard KeyGenerator algorithms with the keysizes in parentheses:

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• AES (128)
• DES (56)
• DESede (168)
• HmacSHA1
• HmacSHA256

These algorithms are described in the KeyGenerator section of the Java Cryptography Architecture Standard Algorithm Name Documentation. Consult the release documentation for your implementation to see if any other algorithms are supported.